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Déplacements environnementaux et peuples autochtones : repenser la responsabilité des ?tats et de la communauté internationale
Thèse en Droit de l'Environnement, soutenue le 1er juillet 2019.
The protection of the rights of indigenous peoples, who are displaced by environmental degradation, is a theme that has received little attention in most of the work on environmental displacement that tends to conceptualize displacement in an abstract way. The particularities of indigenous peoples' environmental displacement require analysis in the legal, political and social contexts in which they occur: this framework makes it possible not to isolate the environmental factor but to specify its importance in view of the particular relationship that indigenous peoples have with the land and their environment and their claims to be able to freely decide their future. Taking the indigenous communities in Alaska as an example, the analysis of the legal and institutional obstacles to the recognition of indigenous particularities in displacement then makes it possible to consider the role of the law in maintaining the status of indigenousness and the perpetuation of the status of the indigenous land in the territory of destination. The mobilization of the various corpuses of recognition of the rights of indigenous peoples under international, regional and domestic law (American law) allows for a re-reading of the obligations of States in the implementation of indigenous rights in the light of the unprecedented context of their environmental displacement, while demonstrating the importance of not locking indigenous peoples into a “legal straitjacket” that would lead communities to no longer being recognized as indigenous when being displaced.
Mots-clés : Changements climatiques, déplacement environnemental, réinstallation par suite des changements climatiques, peuples autochtones, statut juridique, autodétermination, droits de l’Homme, adaptation, résilience
Keywords : Climate change, environmental displacement, climate relocation, indigenous peoples, legal status, self-determination, Human rights, adaptation, resilience
Directeur(trice) de thèse : Philippe BILLET
Membres du jury :
- M. Philippe BILLET, Directeur de thèse, Professeur des universités, Université Jean Moulin Lyon 3,
- Mme Albane GESLIN, Professeure des universités, Sciences Po Aix-Marseille,
- Mme Christel COURNIL, Maitre de conférences habilitée à diriger des recherches, Université Paris 13,
- Mme Sandrine MALJEAN-DUBOIS, Directrice de recherche, Université Aix-Marseille,
- Mme Marie-Laure BASILIEN GAINCHE, Professeure des universités, Université Jean Moulin Lyon 3.
Président(e) du jury : Marie-Laure BASILIEN GAINCHE