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LAMBERT BREGHOT du LUT-THOZET
Thèse en Histoire religieuse, politique et culturelle soutenue le 11 décembre 2015.
Laurent de Montchenu was born in the Dauphiné on 14 December 1726 to an old aristocratic family. After completeing his secondary education at Louis le Grand, he became a page boy at the Petite ?curie and then at the Grande ?curie from 1742 to 1745. His career then led him to the Scottish Ensigns. His wedding to Marie-Angélique de Busson de Bussy in 1763 ensured his financial well-being. In 1780 he was appointed second-in-command in Tournon, in the Vivarais region, a post which he kept until 1789. There he enjoyed the proximity of the Ch?teauneuf-de-Galaure family castle. Laurent de Montchenu was under the orders of Garbiel Marie de Talleyrand Périgord, known as Count of Périgord, who was the commander-in-chief of the Languedoc region. He worked with the Viscount of Cambis, second-in-command in Montpellier, whom he replaced several times. He stood in for the Count of Périgord to ensure the return of the Toulouse Parliament in 1788. He received precious help from Special Commander Jean Bruno Frévol de la Coste. He was also helped by the subdelegates of the Supply Corps and of the Command as well as by the constabulary. His role as second-in-command appears in his correspondence, which contains over 3200 letters for the period going from 1780 to 1789 and 800 just for the 1788-1789 period. These letters show who his various interlocutors were and describe his role as second-in-command, which revolved around military life and consisted in ensuring public safety and order in the often troubled Vivarais region. In 1789, just as Laurent de Montchenu was hoping for promotion after the departure of the Viscount of Cambis, the administrative system of the Ancien Regime disappeared. He returned to Paris and died in April 1802 in his Montchenu mansion on rue du Faubourg Saint Honoré.
Mots-clés : Laurent de Montchenu, commandant en second, Languedoc, Vivarais, Velay, Montpellier, Toulouse, Ch?teauneuf-de-Galaure, chemin de Galaure, le brigand Degout, émotions populaires, 1788, 1789, correspondance administrative, comte de Périgord, vicomte de Cambis.
Keywords : Laurent de Montchenu, second-in-command, Languedoc, Vivarais, Velay, Montpellier, Toulouse, Ch?teauneuf-de-Galaure, Galaure path, the brigand Degout, popular emotions, 1788, 1789, administrative correspondence, count of Périgord, viscount of Cambis.
Membres du jury :
- Lucien BELY, Pré-rapporteur, Professeur des universités, Université Paris IV-Sorbonne
- Olivier CHALINE, pré-rapporteur, Professeur des universités, Université Paris IV-Sorbonne
- Philippe MARTIN, Professeur des universités, Université Lumière Lyon II
- Bernard HOURS, Professeur des universités, Université Jean Moulin Lyon 3
Président du jury : Philippe MARTIN
Mention : Très honorable avec les félicitations
Equipe d'accueil : LARHRA